INTRODUCTION/MAIN Introduction/Main BACKGROUND Seafarer's Challenge Why This Interest Continental Drift Oppositions to Drift Craftsman's Approach EMPIRICAL MODEL The Empirical Model Expansion Basics Model Construction Expansion Basics Model Construction Model Demonstration Riverbed Formation Video Demonstration CONCLUSIONS Conclusions Summary of Evidence The Mid-Oceans Crests Making Mountains & The Pacific Ocean Moon Expulsion Earthquakes An Impact Vision EXPANSION CARTOGRAPHY Expansion Cartography The Big Picture Waterworld Inland Evidence EXPAND HOW? Expand How? Owen's Plasma Core Continental Shelves EPILOGUE Epilogue BOOK INFO Book Info / Feedback

INLAND EVIDENCE Inland, there exists numerous renderings of expansion. LAND STRETCHES The stretched and dropped appearance of Africa's Great Rift Valley is one case where expansion caused significant stress, although not enough to tear the area completely. LAND BREAKS Lakes, seas and rivers throughout the world show where expansion stressed lands enough to break them apart. The Great Lakes of Canada and the United States are one example, as is the St. Lawrence River which extends from them. The Mediterranean Sea is just one of the many other features developed in expansion. Map of the World UNDERLYING EVIDENCE Not so visible are the effects of expansion found below the surface of the land. It is worthwhile to note that expansion is a logical cause of cavern formations. Like bread when it rises, expansion created air pockets within the Earth's upper crust. In certain regions, expansion seems to have caused vacuum caverns, sucking in the salt sediment present at the time. Through cooling, masses of rock salt were created. Again, North America's Great Lakes system shows areas of such events. Top | Main | how the Earth might expand